2017陕西省高考题_2017年陕西省高考作文题目

1.陕西省2017高考用全国一还是二卷？

化学计算

在高中化学中,计算题的主要功能是考查考生掌握基础知识的广度和熟练程度以及知识的系统性。这类题目考查的形式既有直接的简单化学计算和间接的应用化学原理推算,常见的方法有假设法、关系式法、差量法、守恒法等。

化学反应图像

化学反应图像题的特征是将一些关键的信息以图像、图表的形式给出,把题目中的化学原理抽象为数学问题,目的是考查考生从图像、图表中获得信息、处理和应用相关信息的能力以及对图像、图表的数学意义和化学意义之间对应关系的转换运用能力。

实验仪器的创新

实验仪器的创新使用一般体现为三个“一”:一个装置的多种用途、一种用途的多种装置和一种仪器的多种用法,该类试题主要考查考生的思维发散能力。

化学热点方法聚焦

聚焦高考一

化学计算中的4种常用方法

1、假设法

所谓假设法,就是假设具有某一条件,推得一个结论,将这个结论与实际情况相对比,进行合理判断,从而确定正确选项。

（1）极端假设法

主要应用:(1)判断混合物的组成。把混合物看成由某组分构成的纯净物进行计算,求出最大值、最小值,再进行讨论。(2)判断可逆反应中某个量的关系。把可逆反应看作向左或向右进行到底的情况。(3)判断可逆反应体系中气体的平均相对分子质量大小的变化。把可逆反应看成向左或向右进行的单一反应。(4)判断生成物的组成。把多个平行反应看作单一反应。

（2）状态假设法

状态假设法是指在分析或解决问题时,根据需要,虚拟出能方便解题的中间状态,并以此为中介,实现由条件向结论转化的思维方法。该方法常在化学平衡的计算中使用。

（3）过程假设法

过程假设法是指将复杂的变化过程假设为(或等效为)若干个简单的、便于分析和比较的过程,考虑等效状态的量与需求量之间的关系,进而求解的方法。该方法在等效平衡的计算中使用概率非常高。

（4）变向假设法

变向假设法指在解题时根据需要改变研究问题的条件或结论,从一个新的角度来分析问题,进而迁移到需要解决的问题上来,从而得到正确的答案。

2、关系式法

在多步反应中,关系式法可以把始态的反应物与终态的生成物之间的“物质的量”关系表示出来,把多步计算简化成一步计算。正确书写关系式是用关系式法解化学计算题的前提。

（1）根据化学方程式找关系式

特点:在多步反应中,上一步反应的产物即是下一步反应的反应物。

（2）通过化学反应方程式的叠加找关系

适用于多步连续反应或循环反应。方法:将其中几个有关联的化学反应方程式进行适当变形(改变化学计量数),然后相加,消去中间产物,即得总的化学反应方程式。

3、差量法

差量法解题的关键是正确找出理论差量。

其解题步骤如下:

(1)分析题意:分析化学反应中各物质之间的数量关系,弄清引起差值的原因。

(2)确定是否能用差量法:分析差值与始态量或终态量之间是否存在比例关系,以确定是否能用差量法。

(3)写出正确的化学反应方程式。

(4)根据题意确定“理论差量”与题中提供的“实际差量”,列出比例关系,求出答案。

4、守恒法

“守恒法”利用物质变化过程中某一特定的量固定不变来列式求解。它的优点是用宏观的统揽全局的方式列式,不去探求某些细枝末节,直接抓住其中特有的守恒关系,快速建立算式,简捷巧妙地解答题目。常用的方法有质量守恒、得失电子守恒、电荷守恒等。

（1）质量守恒

依据:化学反应中反应物的总质量与生成物的总质量相等。

（2）电子得失守恒

依据:氧化还原反应中得失电子数一定相等。

应用:氧化还原反应和电化学的有关计算。

（3）电荷守恒

依据:反应前后参加反应的离子所带的电荷总量不变(或在电解质溶液中阴、阳离子所带的负、正电荷总数相等)。

方法:首先要确定体系,并找出体系中阴、阳离子的种类,每个离子所带的电荷数及其物质的量;然后根据阴、阳离子所带的电荷总数相等列出计算式。

应用:溶液中离子浓度关系的推断,也可用于有关量的计算。

聚焦高考二

化学反应图像题的解题方法

1、离子反应图像

考查知识点:根据图像考查反应发生的先后顺序、书写离子反应方程式、分析溶液的成分、离子的共存与推断、计算反应物的量或由离子反应画出相应的图像等。

实质:离子反应图像问题,归根结底,考查的实质仍然是离子反应和离子共存问题。

（1）离子反应图像

溶液中存在多种还原剂(或氧化剂),加入同一种氧化剂(或还原剂)时,必须按照“强者先行”的原则,考虑反应的先后顺序。只有当“强”的反应完后,“弱”的才能发生反应。

（2）离子共存及离子计算图像

离子共存图像要谨防离子共存的陷阱,特别要注意一些隐含条件和隐性关系;离子计算的前提是掌握离子反应方程式的书写,特别要注意物质间量的关系,遵循三大守恒原则和溶液电中性原则。

2、化学平衡图像

化学平衡图像是中学化学基础图像知识的一个重要方面,它能把抽象的化学平衡理论形象直观地表述出来。化学平衡图像题是高考必考题型之一,根据图像坐标表示的意义,将常考的化学平衡图像分成如下三类。

（1）量值-时间图像

图像中的纵、横轴分别代表物质的数量(如浓度、百分含量、转化率、产率等)与反应时间(过程),将可逆反应中物质的数量随时间的变化体现在图像中。

该类题解答时要明确曲线“走势”代表的意义,并由此确定反应进行的方向,再进一步确定改变的条件。千万要注意此类图像中可能出现的“交点”并不代表平衡点,只有某种量值不随时间改变时的点才是平衡点。

（2）量值-条件图像

将物质或反应体系的某种量值与温度、压强、浓度、催化剂中的某一种之间的关系,反映在图像中。解答时首先要仔细观察图像,找出相关量值间的变化关系,然后将图像中的这种对应关系与理论知识进行对照,分析其是否符合理论上推导出来的关系,最后确定答案。

（3）量值-时间-条件图像

该类图像反映的是某一物质的量值(如浓度、转化率、产率、百分含量等)与一种或两种外界条件(温度、压强、催化剂)随时间的变化关系。其图像构成的特征是图像中有一表明反应已达到平衡的突变点(平衡点、最大值、最小值)。

解题思路:依建立平衡所需时间的长短→反应速率的相对大小(时间短速率大)→确定影响反应速率的不同条件间的关系(反应速率大条件强)→再根据物质量值的变化判断平衡的移动方向,由此得出的移动方向应与由勒夏特列原理确定的方向一致。

3、电化学图像

近年高考中对电化学的考查出现了新的变化,以装置图为载体来考查电化学的相关知识,成为近年高考的新亮点。

（1）原电池和电解池的工作原理

破解关键:正、负极或阴、阳极的判断。

（2）原电池与电解池的互变

原电池与电解池可以相互转化,利用这一原理可以制造二次电池。二次电池中,放电时是原电池,充电时是电解池,放电时的负极反应与充电时的阴极反应相反,放电时的正极反应与充电时的阳极反应相反。

聚焦高考三

化学实验的创新探究

1、球形干燥管的创新使用

（1）A装置为尾气吸收装置,用来防倒吸,原理类似于倒置在水中的漏斗。

（2）B装置为简易的过滤器,可净化天然水。如果去掉上边两层,可用活性炭对液体中的色素进行吸附。

（3）C装置是一微型反应器。该装置既可节约药品,又可防止污染。如铜丝在该装置中燃烧时,Cl2封闭在干燥管内,实验结束后剩余的Cl2不仅可以用水吸收,还可以观察CuCl2溶液的颜色。

（4）D装置为一简易的启普发生器, 可用于H2、CO2等的制取。

（5）E装置起干燥、除杂或缓冲气流的作用。

2、仪器连接的创新与改进

（1）仪器巧妙连接,取代启普发生器

（2）仪器创新连接,防止尾气倒吸　

a.倒立漏斗式:这种装置可以增大气体与吸收液的接触面积,有利于吸收液吸收气体。当易溶性气体被吸收液吸收时,导管内压强减小,吸收液上升到漏斗中。由于漏斗容积较大,导致烧杯中的液面下降,使漏斗口脱离烧杯中的液面,漏斗中的吸收液受自身重力的作用又流回烧杯内,从而防止吸收液倒吸。

b.肚容式:当易溶于吸收液的气体被吸收液吸收后,导气管内压强减小,使吸收液倒吸进干燥管中,吸收液受自身重力的作用又流回烧杯内,从而防止吸收液倒吸。这种装置与倒立漏斗式的功能类似。

c.蓄液式:当吸收液发生倒吸时,倒吸进来的吸收液被预先设置的蓄液装置贮存起来,以防止吸收液进入受热仪器或反应容器中。

d.脱离式:因导管没有与液体接触,从而无法产生倒吸。

e.液防式:通过改变试剂的方法达到防倒吸的目的。如吸收HCl时,HCl不溶于四氯化碳而无法倒吸,HCl从四氯化碳中逸出进入水中而溶解。

陕西省2017高考用全国一还是二卷？

　考生能否在英语科考试中取得高分取决于阅读理解的成绩。一起做一下阅读理解训练吧。下面是我为大家推荐的2017高考英语真题分类汇编阅读理解真题及答案，仅供大家参考!

　2017高考英语真题分类汇编阅读理解真题及答案一

　In one way of thinking, failure is a part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The ―spider story‖ is often told. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web(蜘蛛织网). The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times without success. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English? Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.

　So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top from yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time?

　Second, is the goal(目标)you're trying to reach the right one? Try to do some thinking about what your real goals may be. Think about his question, ?If I do succeed in this, where will it get me?This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn't be doing anyway.

　The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it's a part of life. Learn to ―live with yourself‖ even though you may have failed. Remember, ―You can't win them all.‖

　1.This passage deals with two sides of failure. In paragraph 1, the author talks mainly about ______ .

　A.the value of failur B.how people would fail

　C.famous failures　D.the cause of failure

　2.The underlined phrase?made it?means ______ .

　A.succeeded B.failed C.gave D.got

　3.The lesson the spider taught Robert Bruce seems ______ .

　A.productive　B.straight forward C.sorrowful D.deep

　4.The author tells you to do all things except ______ .

　A.The think about the cause of your failure

　B.to check out whether your goals are right for you

　C.to consider failure as a part or life

　D.to bear in mind that you will never fail in your life

　5.Which of the following is NOT true?

　A.Bruce and Edison were successful examples. B.Failure may be regarded as a way toward success.

　C.Edison learned a lot from the lesson the spider taught Robert Bruce.

　D.One may often raise a question whether his goals are worth attempting.

　2017高考英语真题分类汇编阅读理解真题及答案二

　In sport the sexes(性别)are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men. That at least is what people say. Women are called the weaker sex, or, if men want to please them, the fair sex. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men . A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74, a man only until he is 68.Are women's bodies really weaker?

　The fastest men can run a mile in under 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes. Women's time are always slower than men's, but some facts are a surprise. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One of them swam 400 metres in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16.The first?Tartan?in film was an Olympic swimmer, Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 metres was 4 minutes 49.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later! This does not mean that women are catching men up. Conditions are very different now and sport is much more serious. It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone (荷尔蒙)injections(注射). At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problems. Life can be very complicated(复杂的) when there are two separate sexes!

　1.Women are called the weaker sex because ______ .

　A.women do as much as men

　B.people think women are weaker than men

　C.sport is easier for men than for women

　D.in sport the two sexes are always together

　2.Which of the following is true?

　A.Boys and girls study separately everywhere. B.Women do not run or swim in races with men.

　C. Famous Prime Ministers are women .

　D.Men can expect to live longer than women in Europe.

　3.?That at least is what people say?means people ______ .

　A.say other things , too

　B.don't say this much

　C.say this but may not think so

　D.only think this

　4.What problems does sport have?

　A.Some women athletes are actually men.

　B.Some women athletes are give hormone injections. C.Women and men do not run or swim in the same races.

　D.It is difficult to check whether women athletes are really women.

　5.In this passage the author implies that ______

　A.women are weaker than wen , but faster

　B.women are slower than men, but stronger

　C.men are not always stronger and faster than women

　D.men are faster and stronger than women

　答案：BBCBC

　2017高考英语真题分类汇编阅读理解真题及答案三

　People bury treasure to stop other people from taking it. They choose a quiet place, dig a deep hole and bury the treasure in it. Then they make a map of where the treasure is or write down other clues(线索)that will help them or someone else to find it again.

　In Britain a few years ago; a writer wrote about some treasure that he had buried. He put clues in the story to help readers find it. Thousands of people hunted for the treasure. They dug holes all over Britain, hoping to find it.

　One of the most popular adventure stories ever written is Robert Louis Stephenson's ?Treasured Island?, an exciting story about a young boy, Jim Hawkins, who is captured by pirates and later finds some buried treasure.

　Then there is the true story about a man who had to travel overseas for a year. He did not trust banks, so he buried his life savings in a park. Then he went away. On his return, he went straight to the park. But the park was no longer there. In its place there was a huge building.

　And then there was the man who buried his savings, all in bank notes, in a waterproof(防水的) bag. When he dug it up years later, there was nothing left. Worms and insects had eaten the bag and everything in it.

　And of course, these are stories about people who bury things and either forget where they have buried them or lose the map.

　Although it is true that people sometimes lose their money because a bank fails, banks are still the safest place to keep our savings and treasures.

　1.People who bury treasure usually

　A.do not trust banks

　B.have a little money .

　C.want to live in a quiet place.

　D.expect to lose it

　2.The writer in Britain

　A.really had buried something.

　B.started a nationwide treasure hunt.

　C.had lost his treasure and wanted people to help him find it.

　D.caused trouble because people dug holes everywhere.

　3.―Treasure Island‖

　A.is a story about pirates.

　B.is about the adventures of Jim Hawkins.

　C.is the most popular story ever written

　D.is a well-known fairy tale.

　4.The man who buried his money in a park

　A.thought his money was safer there than in a bank.

　B.travelled on the sea for a year.

　C.got his life savings back again.

　D.stayed away longer than he expected.

　5 . From these stories we understand that

　A.we cannot trust banks.

　B.we should not trust anyone.

　C.a waterproof bag is not proof against worms and insects.

　D.insects eat anything.

　答案：ABBAC

陕西省2017高考用的是全国二卷：全国甲卷，即新课标Ⅱ卷，自2018年起使用省区有：重庆、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古；

全国二卷是运用通行方案“3+x”，具体考试时间为：

6月7日：

09:00—11:30 语文

15:00—17:00 数学?

6月8日：

09:00—11:30 综合?

15:00—17:00 外语

扩展资料：

高考通行方案“3+x”详解：

1、“3”指“语文、数学、外语”，“X”指由学生根据自己的意愿，自主从文科综合，即文综，包括思想政治、历史、地理和理科综合，即理综，包括物理、化学、生物这2个综合科目中选择一个作为考试科目；

该方案是到2019年全国应用最广，最成熟的高考方案；

其中各科分数相加总分为750分，其中语文150分，数学150分，外语150分，文理综合皆为300分。

2、“3＋x”方案于1999年由广东省率先进行试点，并取得了初步成功；有关领导指出，广东的改革探索了路子，积累了经验，只要在此基础上深化改进，这个方案定会成为一个好的科目设置方案；

这项改革采取稳步推进的做法，将有山西、吉林、江苏、浙江4省试行“3＋x”高考科目，2001年将在北京等10多个省市扩大试行，至2002年在全国全面实施。 “3＋x”方案设置的原则是有助于高等学校选拔人才，有助于中学实施素质教育，有助于高校扩大办学自主权；

方案的基本内容是，“3”指语文、数学、外语必考科目，“x”指高校根据专业的要求从中学的物理、化学、生物、政治、历史、地理6个科目或综合科目中确定一门或几门考试科目。其中的综合科目是指在中学文化科目基础上的综合能力测试；

目前，可分文科综合和理科综合或不分文理的大综合。所谓综合测试，不是对各科目按比例的“拼盘式”考查，而是一种着重应用和能力的测试。

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