2014年全国高考卷-2014高考新题型

1.英语阅读表达

2.谁有 英语高考新题型短文填空 以及答案

3.高考新题型 语法填空she wished that he were as easy (to please) as her monther

英语阅读表达

英语阅读表达

　阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型，它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合。下面我收集了关于阅读表达题的备考策略，一起来了解一下吧!

　阅读表达题?英语高考新题型和备考策略

　 摘要 本文介绍了近年来英语高考中出现的一类新题型阅读表达题。笔者分析了新题型的形成背景，命制方式和基本题型，提出了解答阅读表达题的基本思路和备考策略，同时展望了其发展的基本趋势。

　 关键词 阅读表达题，新课标高考卷，题型创新，阅读理解，备考策略

　阅读表达题是近年英语高考出现的一种新的测试题型，它是阅读理解与表述阅读信息的结合(reading & expression)。命制阅读表达题的具体做法是：设计一篇在语篇结构上是并列或承接关系的300字左右的短文，之后是5个需要考生回答的问题。这些问题的回答需要考生从短文中提取相关细节信息，并结合上下文进行适当的概括、判断和推理，在规定的字数内将答案写在相应的空白处。

　一. 阅读表达题的课改背景

　阅读表达题的推出是与正在全国各省市区推行的高中学科新课程标准密不可分的。《普通高中英语课程标准》规定，高中学生毕业时的课外阅读量应达到18?30万字。这一量化的规定可见新课标对高中阶段学生阅读输入(input)的充分重视。同时，krashen(1985))认为足够的信息输入是保证高质量信息输出(output)的前提。阅读表达题正是这种阅读信息输入与即时输出的巧妙结合。

　阅读表达题是对阅读理解题型的创新。阅读表达题以一种主观题的形式，?打破了高考英语阅读理解十几年多项选择题的单一形式?。在阅读难度上它略低于前面的阅读理解题，而它是以主观回答的形式考查考生的表述能力，故中高程度的考生答题效果较为理想，而如果考生读不懂短文，就基本没有答对的概率。因此，该题型能?有效地评价考生综合运用英语语言的能力，而且会提高试题的信度和效度?，同时也具有较好的区分度。

　二. 阅读表达题的'设题类型和解题技巧

　在目前全国各省市区的高考试卷中，有四个省市英语试卷推出了阅读表达题：山东省(2007年始)，天津市(2009年始)，和江西省(2011年始)。湖南省试卷也在前几年简答题的基础上，2010年推出了阅读表达新题型。在卷面形式上，四份试卷阅读表达题均以一篇短文后加45个问题的方式命制，其常用的题型有：

　1. 主旨大意题。这一问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或个别段落大意的能力，其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在高中学生阅读时的普遍问题是：文章大意都基本能看懂，但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力，而这恰恰是阅读教学和学生获取阅读信息的主要目的。主旨大意题有助于矫正这种能力缺陷。主旨大意题既考查对整个短文主旨理解的能力(如江西2011卷76题)，也可考查对段落大意的归纳能力(如山东2011卷80题)。

　主旨大意题的提问方式通常是：what is the main idea of the text? / what does the passage mainly talk about? / what is the purpose of the writer?s writing the passage? / what does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?

　主旨大意通常会出现在文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。在2010山东卷中，我们可根据第一段的最后一句：studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 概括处文章的主题为：families benefit from eating together.

　主旨概述既可以用完整的句子，也可用一个简洁的短语：a website where we can learn english well，或一个问句：how to deal with stress。

　2. 信息归纳表达题。该题要求考生能在短文中找到题目所要求的事实性细节，并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后，有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答，有时还要对事实息进行适当的整理(2011山东卷和江西卷78题)。

　信息归纳题有时以例举填空的形式：list three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text ①________ ②_________ ③_________，或回答的形式，如：point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in paragraph 3. ________________。

　解答信息归纳表达题，一方面要找到相应的原文信息，另一方面要组织好词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。如回答上一题?advantage?即用短语 a health benefit，而有相当数量同学用一个句子__there is a health benefit_，实在是教训深刻。

　3. 指代关系确认题。考生根据下划线代词(如they, that, it,so 等)找到它所指代的上文内容。指示代词所指代的是上文的事物，考生主要是在上文寻找答案，答题难度相对小些。考生要注意到代词所代替的是上文的名词或动名词，如原文所指向的是动词或其它词性的词，则要相应的名词化。

　如2011江西卷80题：what does the word ?it?(line 3, paragraph 5) probably refer to?

　4. 补全文章空缺题。短文在设计时，在短文中间设一空，要求考生用恰当的短语或分句进行内容补全，使之与前后内容连贯，并与作者的写作意图相符。信息补全题类似于完型填空，但空缺处需填的通常不是一个单词，多为一个完整的句子，这就无疑给考生带来相当的挑战。做好这道小题，一方面一定要看懂上下文，另一方面还要会分析文章的发展脉络，使填进去的信息与上下文语境刚好吻合。2011山东卷77题和江西卷79题即为信息补全题。

　在补全文章空缺处时，首先要先知晓短文的主旨大意，因为需要填进的内容都是与主题切实相关的;同时要注意一些连接语篇的词语，如however，therefore，on the other hand，similarly等，这些词是上下文过渡和发展的关键词。2011江西卷79题为fill in the blank in paragraph 4 with proper words，我们在通读全文后，知道短文的主题是?电视直播体育赛事的利与弊?，而前一段分析了?利?，同时我们注意到空缺处前有一表转折关系的连词however，且空白处的下文是分析?弊?，所以填进去的当为?there are also disadvantages ?,从而与上段形成?利与弊?的对比关系。

　5. 短文信息转述(填空)题。短文信息转述即通过题干中的一个句子，找到原文中的与其意义相近甚至一致的句子，并把它写在题目后的空白横线上。此题类似于paraphrase (using simple english sentences to explain the original sentences with complicated structures)，不过题目中的句子有时侯也是很复杂的复合句(山东2008年卷79题)。而短文信息转述填空题则是对原文相关句子paraphrase的基础上，在题干的空白处填上原文所缺的信息(江西11年卷77题)。它既需要考生找到原文与题干中相一致的句子，也要求他们在题干空白处补全与上下文相连贯的信息，是一道相对较难而得分较低的题目。

　短文信息转述(山东卷也称英文释义)的提问方式有：which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? / which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

　要练好英文释义题，考生一定要吃透所给转述句中的关键信息，捕捉与原文相吻合的关键词汇。2008山东卷79题所给转述句为accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop complulsive shopping. 考生要能理解这句话的含义，同时根据下划线关键词在原文中第四段找到语义相同的句子。

　短文信息转述填空题是江西卷命制的一种新的题型，它是在山东卷的基础上将所给转述句的部分关键信息挖掉，而要求考生根据原句补充上缺失部分并注意其相应的形式。

　要备考英文释义题，教师平时在课堂阅读教学中要加强对复杂句的paraphrase训练。在nsec教材中就有很多练习专门是用来训练学生用简单英语解释复杂句型的。如笔者在教学unit5,book1时，就把原文中引用的nelson mandela 的一句话paraphrase 为两句简单句，而要求他们在课文中找到相应的原句。

　6. 词义猜测题。此题的命制目的是考查学生根据上下文理解陌生词语的能力。陌生词语以下划线的方式标出。指示关系的确认依靠上下文语境的暗示或信息的互补。在2009天津卷的阅读表达中，下划线的词语是?chrome-plated contraptions?，而上句话是说?几乎每一个美国人都要花些时间推购物车?，而含有下划线的句子是说?他们在一生中推______的里程有很多路?。显而易见，后句与前句在语义上是并列关系，所以后句中?推?的宾语就是前句中的购物车。《普通高中英语课程标准》明确规定，要培养学生?能通过上下文克服生词困难，理解语篇意义?。在阅读理解中，词义猜测也是常考题型，笔者查阅了06、07年全国各地38份高考试卷，其中就有37份考查了?在上下文理解生词?，均体现出新课标的这一理念。

　7. 开放性问答题。此题是要求考生根据短文中所出现的话题，发表你个人的观点和见解，如2011天津卷60题是就?人与动物的理想关系?发表见解，山东卷是就参加?某春活动?表态，并说明其缘由。它没有标准答案，需要考生根据自己的理解和想象。开放性的问题使考生跳出了试题，有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活，关注些社会和国内外问题，高考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅而合情合理的句子。

　8. 其它题型。如山东省的翻译题(英译汉)。翻译教学仍是中学英语教学的一种方法，特别是一些复杂的复合句，更需要适当的成分分析和翻译。我们没有必要用?信、达、雅?的标准来衡量学生翻译的句子，只要翻译后的汉语能较流畅而又能忠实于原文。

　如湖南省和天津市的细节理解。细节题是阅读理解中的重要题型。据不完全统计，细节理解题在各省市区阅读理解的分值在40%-60%之间。而阅读表达题中的细节理解题更是对新课标?阅读能从一般文字资料中获取主要信息;能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息?的全新诠释和落实。细节理解题用5w1h形式提问：

　what is the aim of the program?

　why did linda join the american women?s club of toronto?

　how does shaw feel about his future life with the help of cuddles?

　who may choose to participate in the alternative break program?

　三.阅读表达题型的备考

　高考作为一种选拔性考试，必然要反映出考生在学习能力和水平上的差异。高考相对于知识性考试而言，它对于记忆的要求要低一些，而更侧重于对日积月累的能力的考核。《普通高中英语课程标准》认为高考要以考查学生综合语言运用能力为目标。作为一种综合题型，阅读表达题既考查到学生的阅读理解能力，又能考查他们的书面表达能力，因此英语测试专家普遍认为这是一种能有效评价考生综合运用语言能力的题类。但作为一种新的试题类型，阅读表达题不同于阅读选择题，因为选择题是答案提示性问题，而阅读表达题是考查学生理解文章、组织语言、准确表达的能力，它没有提示性成分，所以广大师生对它都有一个认知?了解?熟悉的过程。阅读理解题解题能力形成和提高要把握以下几个方面：

　1. 阅读理解新题型渗透于日常教学和练习。

　众所周知，高考是中学教学的指挥棒，广大师生只有顺应高考改革的方向，才能取得较理想的成绩。我们既要研究高考新试题，更要把它贯彻到我们备考和复习之中。概括短文主旨、明确指代关系、归纳段落大意，英语释义，寻找关键词，这些能力的培养，是一个长期的过程。笔者在指导学生阅读训练时，要求学生做到有意识地用几个核心词汇概括文章或段落大意;在遇到一些复杂句时，则先呈示同义句，要求他们在原文文中找到同义句;通过上下文、构词法猜测词义;在一些记叙文中，教授学生以5w1h形式复述课文。

　2. 阅读理解新题型要求培养学生提炼概括的能力。

　在批阅试卷时，笔者常发现学生找到了题目在原文中的答案，但常出现句式错误。如回答指代关系题把动词短语填上去，信息列举题又把整个原句写上去。这些问题充分暴露学生在概括能力方面的欠缺。学生既要能圈定答案所在的句子范围，更要进行一些合理的提炼，才能准确到位的回答相关的阅读表达题。阅读表达题要慎抄原句。

　3. 阅读理解新题型要求学生阅读训练要持之以恒。

　在研究近几年高考卷阅读表达题型时，笔者发现其基本是稳定的，但各年份在排序和题型上有个别微调。这在客观上给考生备考增加了一定的困难，但只要严格按照新课标关于高中生课外阅读量的要求，学生坚持每日阅读600词左右信息量的短文(两篇阅读理解)，准备好这一题型是不困难的。

　4. 阅读理解新题型要把握好一些特有的细节

　阅读表达题各小题都有字数的限制。关于回答问题时超出规定字数如何给分，笔者请教了专程到笔者所在学校进行新课标高考卷调研的省教育考试院高考命题组专家，她的回答是超出字数均不给分。理由有二：考生没读题目后字数要求;考查学生概括能力。

　阅读表达题也属于主观回答的试题内容，因此考生一定要书写整洁、清晰，为自己赢得印象分，切忌乱涂乱该。

　四.结束语

　阅读表达题作为一种新题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查了学生在对原文理解基础上的书面表达能力。阅读表达题的创新之处在于它将学生的阅读理解能力转化为对阅读信息的撷取、归纳、表述和内化的能力，这与新课标的理念和nsec教材模块后的comprehending的问题练习是不谋而合的。基于高考对于中学英语教学强烈的反拨作用，我们一方面要巧妙而有选择地利用好comprehending中相关的练习，使高考题型训练常态化;同时通过平时的日常阅读和备考前相对集中地专项练习，进一步提高高中生阅读获取信息和表达的能力。

　参考文献:

　1.krashen,s.d. (1985) the input hypothesis:issues and implications. london: longman.

　2.richards, jack & c.lockhart. (2000). reflective teaching in second language classrooms. 人民教育出版社.

　3. 蔡银保 《专题调研：江西新题型》，汕头大学出版社，2011年

　4. 黄远振等 ?高考英语命题：现实与诉求?，《中学外语教与学》2008年第10期

　5. 江西省教育考试院 《2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江西卷(英语)考试说明(课程标准实验版)》[m]，江西高校出版社，2011年

　6. 教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》，人民教育出版社，2003年

谁有 英语高考新题型短文填空 以及答案

网上的资料不是很多，其实你可以这样，不要看完形填空的选项，直接去想这里应该填什么，效果也很好

你可以查一下03年以前的山东高考题

One day Mr.and Mrs White go shopping by car.They stop( their)car near the shop.They(buy )many things from the shop( and)the things are very hey.They(want )to put the things in their( car).But Mr.White(can't )open the door of the car."Let us ask a( policeman )for help".says Mrs.White.They ask a policeman to help them.The policaman is very friendly to help them open the( door )of the car.At that time a man comes up and shouts:"What are you doing with my car?"Mr.and Mrs.White look(at )the number of the car.Then they say(sorry )to the man.

I.短文填空：(1x10)

阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容和所给首字母在空白处填入一个适当的词，将其填到文后相应题号后的横线上。(2005年天津市中考38+2test19)

Only Mother Love is true love . It gives everybody everything all h (1) life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as p (2).In your w (3) hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night a (4) forgets about herself. When you are growing up day b (5)day , she feels very hy. When you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind w (6) for you back from school. When you hurry to lee home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w (7) about you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money on your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest smile on her face.

Mother is always ready to give everything she h (8) to her children, n (9) to receive. What true love that is in the w (10)! We will remember Mother Love for ever!

1h_______ 2p______ 3w_______ 4a________ 5b_______

6w_______ 7w______ 8h_______ 9n________ 10w_______

II.短文填空：(1x10)

阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容在空白处填入一个适当的词，使其完整通顺

More and more people are__________ the life with computers. Using computers you can send E-mail__________ and easily. You are able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone, ___________in the world without putting a stamp. E-mail can send its message to the other side of the world__________ seconds(秒). E-mail is easy to use and it________ time and money. It serves(服务) for twenty-four hours. So it doesn’t matter if your friends are in bed when you send E-mail to them, or you are seeing a film at the cinema when they send E-mail________.

Can you imagine(想象) the future without teachers_________ computers? Students will teach themselves in the schools of the future. Computers help students develop their own ways of________. Students will follow the learning programmes by looking at online libraries and_________ lessons by world-class teachers. If they don’t understand something, they will ask other students___________ or E-mail their teachers. Computers are becoming more and more popular indeed.

II. 阅读下面短文，给改写后的短文空白处填人一个适当的词，使其完整通顺

（1x10）。(甘肃省2005年中考38+2test12)

All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports are good for people's health. Many people like to watch others play sports games. They buy tickets or turn on their TV sets to sit in front of them.

Sports change with the seasons. People play different games in different seasons. Sometimes they play inside the room. Sometimes they play outside. We can find sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting and people everywhere like them.. Football, for example, is very popular in the world. People from different countries cannot understand each other, but after a game they often become very friendly to each other.

You know _________(1) the world people enjoy sports. Sports are _________(2) for people in ___________(3) seasons. People can do sports inside or __________(4) the room. Some people like to watch __________(5)people play sports games. They buy_________(6 )or turn on their TV sets to ___________(7 )the games. Some sports are so__________(8 )that people all enjoy them. Football is very ___________(9)in the world. People often become good ____________(10)after a game.

IV.阅读短文，根据短文内容，用所给词的适当形式填空。每词只能使用一次(2005年大连市中考)

help, late, early, policeman, sing, problems, but, how, lost, smile,

Paula was going to a birthday party. The party was at a friend’s house from work.

Paula’s friend carefully wrote the directions (路线) to the party. She didn’t know the town where her friend lived, so she left her house 1_______. For 20 minutes she followed the directions carefully and got off at Exit 14. Then she began to he 2______ . She couldn’t find the street. She drove around and around, and soon she was 3______. She stopped and asked people for directions, 4______ no one knew that street. Paula didn’t he her mobile phone with her. She left it at home on the kitchen table. Suddenly she saw a 5______ . She stopped and asked him for 6______ . He looked at the directions and 7______ . “You wanted Exit 15, not Exit 14.”. He showed Paula 8______ to get back on the highway (公路). She got off at Exit 15 and easily found the house. She was very 9_______ ! When she walked in, everyone was 10______ , “Hy Birthday” to her friend. After a few minutes, Paula relaxed and began to enjoy the party.

V.阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。(山西省2005年中考大纲）)

John likes 1 (read) very much. His father has a library and the boy 2 (read) most of the books in it. So he often 3 (borrow) books from the school library. He reads books when he 4 (be) free and does nothing but reading at home on Weekends. Once he even 5 (read) a novel in class because it was very interesting. Of course he couldn’t hear what the teacher 6 (say). So he 7 (fall) behind. The headmaster had a talk with him and told him 8 (not read) novels in class. At last, he realized that he was wrong and said “I’m sorry, I 9 (not do) it again.” And now he reads books after he finishes 10 (do) all his homework..

VI.短文填空

根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面短文的空白处写出正确 的单词或短语，使短文意思完整。(2005陕西省中考)

Florence Nightingal was the first great nurse in the world. She1____ (出生于) in a rich family on May 12, 1820. She was very kind-hearted and enjoyed helping others, especially people who were 2________(有病的). She thought that helping patients was both a duty and a pleasure. So she decided to be a nurse when she was 24. But her parents didn’t 3_____ (同意). Her family had lots of money, so they thought it was not necessary for her to work. Besides, nurses were not well respected at that time. But Nightingal didn’t 4______(改变)her mind. She believed that her dream would 5_______(实现). Later she went to Germany and France to learn to be a nurse. At that time there were no nursing schools. So she had to learn a lot of nursing knowledge through practice.

During the war she went to the front hospitals to look after soldiers. She used her own money to buy clothes, beds, 6______(药品) and food for the patients. She always took good care of the soldiers with a lamp in her hands 7_______(在晚上) and soldiers 8______(称呼，叫)her “The lady with the lamp”.

After the war, Nightingal opened the world’s first nursing school. She 9______(继续) serving the others through her work as a nurse.

In 1910, she died quietly in her sleep 10_______(在90岁时). In 14, her birthday became International Nurses Day because of the great love and help she ge to people.

2006年中考复习英语综合题补丁卷10短文填空附加(答题时间45分钟,有答案)

Answers

I.短文填空：(1x10)

阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容和所给首字母在空白处填入一个适当的词，将其填到文后相应题号后的横线上

1. her 2. possible 3.waking 4.and 5. by

6.waiting 7.worried 8.has 9.not 10.world

II.短文填空：(1x10)

阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容在空白处填入一个适当的词，使其完整通顺

hing/living quickly anywhere in ses

back but learning watching online

III. 阅读下面短文，给改写后的短文空白处填人一个适当的词，使其完整通顺

1. around 2. good 3. different 4. outside 5. other

6. tickets 7. watch 8. interesting 9. popular 10. friends

IV.阅读短文，根据短文内容，用所给词的适当形式填空。每词只能使用一次

1. early 2. problems 3. lost 4. but 5. policeman

6. help 7. smiled 8. how 9. late 10. singing

V.阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空

1. reading 2. has read 3. borrows 4. is 5. read

6. said 7. fell 8. not to read 9. won’t do 10. doing

VI.短文填空

根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面短文的空白处写出正确 的单词或短语，使短文意思完整。

1. was born 2. ill/sick 3. agree 4. change 5. come true/be realized

6. medicine/medicines 7. at night/in the evening 8. called

9. went on/carried on 10. at ninety/at the age of ninety

I was always told that the three Ps,patience,positive thinking and perseverance(毅力）,were a sure path___1___success.But this advice does not always work as planned.My high school msths exam is one example.The exam,___2___was orighnally to be held in our classroom,___3___(change)to the library at the last minute.This,___4___,didn`t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject.I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ___5___.But my mood quickly changed when I saw--___6___first question.I had no idea how to do it.I tried to stay positive and persevered ___7___I finally found the solution.With the problem ___8___(solve),I left pround of my achievement.___9___(fortunate),I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left___10___(complete)the rest! ！1. to/toward/towards

2. which

3. was changed

4. however

5. myself

6. the

7. until

8. solved

9. Unfortunately

10. to complete

我经常被告知说3P，即耐心、积极地思考和毅力，它们是通往成功的必经之路。但是这个忠告并不总是如同中地那么奏效。我在中学的一次数学考试就是一个例子。这次考试原本是在教室中举行的，但在举行前最后一刻时被换至图书馆举行。然而这一点并没有给我带来什么困扰，因为数学一直以来都是我的强项。我耐心地朝图书馆走去，坐好位置并且做了个深呼吸来放松一下自己。但是当我看到第一个问题时我的心情就大变了。我不知道该怎样去做这道题！我尽力地保持信心，并且坚持不懈直到我最后终于做出了答案。这道难题一解决后，我对自己的成就颇感自豪。但不幸的是，马上我就注意到了我只剩下10分钟来完成剩余的所有题目了！

高考新题型 语法填空she wished that he were as easy (to please) as her monther

高考新题型 语法填空she wished that he were as easy (to please) as her monther

为什么填to please谁能给个专业点的答案，我看了好多书得解释，都很简单，说得一点都不明白

答：确实很简单！

先将题目简化成一个常用句型：sth. is easy to do. 某事很容易做。

这句型可转换成：To do sth. is easy.--> It is easy to do sth. 正是因为这个原因(to do与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系），不定式才用了主动式而不用被动式。作为一个句型，一定要记住。也可以记两个实例：

1. It's hard to say. 这很难说。

2. The nut is hard to crack. 这事有点棘手。

此题句只是将He is easy to please. 一句加以扩展，深化而已：

1. She wished后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，that he were ....

2. He is as easy to please as sb. 加了一个比较状语（从句）象。。。一样地容易取悦。

全文翻译：

她希望他象母亲一样容易取悦。

引出另一个考点：这个不定式的动词应为及物动词，如是不及物动词，则应后面加上一个适当的介词：

The room is comfortable to live _____. 得加个in才能逻辑上构成to live in the room

这也是一个考点。