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2014高考非谓语动词_非谓语动词2014-2019高考真题答案

tamoadmin 2024-07-04 人已围观

简介1.非谓语动词知识点总结是什么2.英语 非谓语动词3.英语周报2013-2014高三外研版第33期总第3217期答案4.英语非谓语动词解题原则5.非谓语动词6.非谓语是什么?一、非谓语动词的概念 非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。 它们是动词的非限定形式。 在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。 以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。 二、动词不定式 不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带t

1.非谓语动词知识点总结是什么

2.英语 非谓语动词

3.英语周报2013-2014高三外研版第33期总第3217期答案

4.英语非谓语动词解题原则

5.非谓语动词

6.非谓语是什么?

2014高考非谓语动词_非谓语动词2014-2019高考真题答案

一、非谓语动词的概念

非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。

它们是动词的非限定形式。

在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。

以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。

二、动词不定式

不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),

在句中起形容词或副词的作用, 可以作状语和定语。

(一)作定语

1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,

如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词。

He's pleasant fellow to work with.

There's nothing to worry about.

2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如: time, reason, chance,

right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。

Women should have the right to receive education.

There is no time to hesitate.

3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语。

The monitor will be the first to come.

He was the last man to blame.

(二)作状语

1. 作目的状语

不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末尾。

但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首。

其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not。

He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.

To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.

I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.

2. 作结果状语

We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.

She left home, never to return again.

3. 作原因状语

不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。

She burst into laughter to see his funny action.

The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.

4. 作独立成分

有些固定词组带to不定式, 表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分。

这些词有:

to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short,

to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it,

to put it another way, to tell the truth等。

To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.

To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.

三、动名词

动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。

与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。

以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。

1. 作定语

None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.

The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.

2. 作状语

介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。

After finishing the job, he went home.

He was blamed for having done something wrong.

They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.

四、分词

分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一, 包括现在分词和过去分词两种。

分词可以在句中作状语及定语。

(一)现在分词与过去分词的区别

现舂词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。

在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思, 过去分词表示被动意思。

在时间上, 现在分词表示动作正在进行, 过去分词则表示动作已完成。

developing countries(发展中国家)

developed countries(发达国家)

the touching tale(动人的传说)

the touched audince(受感动的观众)

(二)现在分词的用法

现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。

1. 作定语

现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:

This is a pressing question.

这是一个紧迫的问题。

He asked an embarrassing question.

他提了一个令人难堪的问题。

现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:

There were no soldiers drilling.

现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:

A little child learning to walk often falls.

The men working here are all from the rural areas.

2. 现在分词用作状语

现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看, 也可用作状语, 表示时间、原因、

结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后, 也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。

(1)表示时间

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.

He went out shutting the door behind him.

强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while:

When leaving the airport, they waved again and agin to us.

While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought

to be a meteorite.

(2)表示原因

Being sick, I stayed at home.

She caught cold sitting on the grass.

(3)表示条件

Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent.

Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.

(4)表示让步

Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.

(5)表示结果

It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.

It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holday.

(6)表示方式或伴随情况

He ran up to her breathing heavily.

Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.

或者可以去看看这个

非谓语动词

开放分类: 英语、语法

非谓语动词知识点总结是什么

非谓语动词指在句中不作谓语的动词。在句中充作状语、定语、宾语宾语补足语、表语。一般包括不定式、进行式和过去分词。

不定式的

一般式 to do

被动式 to be done

进行式的

一般式 doing

完成式 having done

过去分词 done

非谓语动词有很多变化。应该对你有帮助8~

英语 非谓语动词

有人说,非谓语题在高考英语试卷中,少则一题,多则两三题,没几分,不必太在意。其实不然,非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的,涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型,即使是在作文中,如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语,恐怕分数也不会太高。

可以说,非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此,千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。

关于非谓语的语法详讲,同学们在课堂上已基本掌握,下文主要以高考真题为例,以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容,来梳理一下这个知识点,帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答,稳拿高分。

非谓语知识点概述

非谓语形式就是动词的变形,即由动词变化而来,但不能做谓语,而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词。详见下表:

以上形式又各有不同的变化形式,如:

大体用法如下:

非谓语动词的否定形式:

在非谓语动词前加not。

非谓语动词的复合结构:

①for sb.to do sth.(sb.是to do的逻辑主语)

②one's doing(one是doing的逻辑主语)

例如:

For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.

相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.

句意:对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。(Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。)

例如:Do you mind Tom's smoking?

句意:你介意汤姆吸烟吗?(Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。)

非谓语题答题技巧

01

确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词,再出现动词表示动作时,须用非谓语形式,如果是并列谓语要有and或“,”链接。

02

分析是不是固定短语。如果是,按照固定短语分析。

03

分析出非谓语的逻辑主语,主要有以下集几种情况:

①非谓语做定语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。

例如:I like the teacher teaching English.

(译:我喜欢教英语的那个老师。)

句中非谓语做定语,修饰the teacher,the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

②非谓语做状语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。

例如:Watching TV,she was moved.

(译:看电视时,她被感动了。)

句中非谓语做状语,非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

③非谓语做宾语补足语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。

例如:His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

(译:李雷的老板让他完成工作。)

句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语,him 是to finish的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

04

确定非谓语的逻辑主语后,分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。

05

分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系,分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。

非谓语真题练习

2021年

八省联考

1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.

浙江卷

1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

2020年

全国卷 I

1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.

2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

3. My mom told me how to preparing it.

全国卷 Ⅱ

1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.

3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

全国卷 III

1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.

2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.

山东卷

1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.

浙江卷

1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.

2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.

江苏卷

1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

A. combined with B. combining with

C. having combined with D. to be combined with

▲2019 年

全国卷 I

1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.

2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.

3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

全国卷 II

1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.

2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

全国卷 III

1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.

2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.

4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

浙江卷

1. But?some?students?didn't?want? 63 (wear)?the?uniform.

▲2018 年

全国卷 I

1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

全国卷 II

1. Another reason for corn's rise: The encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.

2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.

全国卷 III

1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).

2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.

3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

浙江卷

1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.  

▲2017 年

全国卷 I

1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

全国卷 II

1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.

2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!

全国卷 III

1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).

2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

浙江卷

1. Sixteen?years?earlier,?Pahlsson?had?removed?the?diamond?ring? 61 (cook)?a?meal.

2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.

▲2016 年

全国卷 I

1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

全国卷 II

1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.

2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

全国卷 III

1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.

2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.

3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

▲2015 年

全国卷 I

1. A?study?of?travelers 68 (conduct)?by?the?website?Trip Advisor?names?Yangshuo?as?one?of?the?top?10?destinations?in?the?world.

2. Abercrombie?&?Kent,?a?travel?company?in?Hong?Kong,?says?it regularly?arranges?quick?gateways?here?for?people 70 (live)?in?Shanghai?and?Hong?Kong.

全国卷 II

1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.

2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.

答案

▲2021年

八省联考

1.including

句意为“像许多其他学生一样,可能会有各种各样的人,包括你的家人 和朋友,为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。

浙江卷

1.studied

考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,该句谓语动词为had,故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式,此处作countries的后置定语;而countries与study之间为被动关系,且“研究”是已经完成了的动作,故填studied。

2. living

考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式,此处作people的后置定语;而people与live之间为主动关系,故填living。

▲2020 年

全国卷 I

1.to find

考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

2. frying改为fried

考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。

3. preparing改为prepare

考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。

全国卷 II

1. coming

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

2. decorated

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

3. to care

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。

全国卷 III

1.to find

考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

2. surrounding

考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

山东卷

1.walking

考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。

浙江卷

1. to change

考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。

2.making

考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。

江苏卷

1.A

考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。

▲2019 年

全国卷 I

1.to perform

该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构,主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系,但需用不定式的主动式作状语。

2. noting

介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。

3.say → saying

全国卷 II

1. being

介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。

2. to retire

名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。

3. saying

名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。

全国卷 III

1. to get

分析句子结构可知,it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。

2. listening

主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。

3.opens → open

4.manage → managing

浙江卷

1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。

▲2018 年

全国卷 I

1. to see

根据句意 “要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。

2. dying

介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。

3.sell → selling

全国卷 II

1. to improve

根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。

2. feeding

when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。

3.watching → watch

全国卷 III

1. () looking

avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。

(65).challenged

主语 he 与 challenge(对……挑战)之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

2. to stay

allow sb to do sth是固定结构,意为 “允许某人做某事”,因此应填 to stay。

3.wait → waiting

浙江卷

1. visiting

remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。

▲2017 年

全国卷 I

1. to process

根据语境“需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知,此处应填 to process。

2. eating

“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐,人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。

全国卷 II

1. laying

63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构,因此用 laying。

2.pick → to pick

全国卷 III

1. resting

spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。

2. to prove

want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。

浙江卷

1. to cook

由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知,不定式短语作状语,表目的。

2. swept

句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。

▲2016 年

全国卷 I

1.(66) permitted

被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

(67) introducing

include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 introducing。

全国卷 II

1. to bring

be likely to do sth 是固定结构,意为“可能做某事”,故填 to bring。

2.take → taking

全国卷 III

1. to create

根据句意可知,这里用不定式表目的,故填 to create。

2. using

根据语境可知,use的逻辑主语是 people,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故填 using。

3.wear → wearing

▲2015 年

全国卷 I

1. conducted

主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

2. living

被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。

全国卷 II

1.(61)built

名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

() using

介词后用动名词形式,故填 using。

2. to cool

该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。

3.looks → looking

英语周报2013-2014高三外研版第33期总第3217期答案

非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词。有三种:不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词,过去分词)以下举几个例子已作说明

不定式:I am glad to see you.(to+动词)

动名词:Playing basketball is my hobby.

现在分词:There are many people living in this village.

过去分词:I heard my name called.我听见有人叫我的名字

例题

1.We must do what we can ? those who are in trouble.

A.help B.helping C.to help D.do help

答案C 做这道题的时候你要学会图和提取有效成分,最简单的是找主谓宾,题中的是We must do 。可见主谓宾是完整的,那么A排除,D排除,再看do 后面肯定是接动词不定式 to do ,所以选C

2.Jane prefer ? to singing.

A.to dance B.dancing C.dance D.with dancing

答案B 固定搭配Prefer doing to doing Prefer 后面跟动名词

3.-Who is the boy outside?

-A boy ? himself Tom.

A.call B.called C.to call D.calling

答案D 对话翻译成中文是 -外面的那个男孩是谁?

-一个自称是Tom 的男孩。

回答的这句话有个省略,完整的应该是The boy who calls himself Tom 两种表达都可以,都做定语

4.Have you had your hair ?

A.cut B.to cut C.cutting

答案A 初中好像没有教完成时态,就是have+动词的形式,这里的have 是情态动词。不过没关系,不影响理解。这句话是问你剪头发了吗?我们都知道头发只能是被人家剪,所以选A cut的过去分词还是cut。注意如果是主动的话答案就是选C

初中的话掌握这些就差不多,最多就是变一变时态,顺便说一下方法,其实选择题就是考你分析句子的能力,如果你能分析清楚答案就非常清楚,分析最基础的就是找主谓宾,其他成分纯属修饰。希望你能得到些什么东西,我不知道初中到底教的是那些,不足之处,还请多多包涵

英语非谓语动词解题原则

第33期参考答案及解析

非谓语动词高考链接

参考答案

1-5 BACDD 6-10 CABBC

解析

1. B。leave与place之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用其过去分词作宾语补足语。

2. A。treat与其逻辑主语health problems之间是动宾关系,且全句描述的是客观情况,由此可判断,when _____ in time补全应为when the problems are not treated in time,根据省略原则可知,从句省略句子主语和系动词,故选A项。

3. C。found与school之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用其过去分词作状语。

4. D。use与words之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用其过去分词作后置定语。

5. D。由I got to the office earlier可知,catch所表示的动作已经发生,且I与catch之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语。

6. C。suffering from a massive earthquake与_____ to ruins是并列结构,且reduce与city之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用being reduced。

7. A。bookshelf与stand之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且_____ in one corner描述的是书架目前的状态,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语。

8. B。发动机出问题是“发动不起来”之前发生的事,且因为seem后接动词不定式,故在此用不定式的完成式。

9. B。complete与airport之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,且结合next year可知,complete所表示的动作还未发生,故用不定式的被动式作后置定语。

10. C。由would fill the woodstove以及could refill it推断,“我”做这些事情是以晚上取暖为目的的,故设空处用不定式。

非谓语动词专练

参考答案

1-5 CDBBB 6-10 DCDDC

11-15 CBCDC 16-20 BDCBC

21-25 BCBBC 26-30 DDCBD

31-35 BCBAC 36-37 BA

解析

1. C。在“主语+ be +形容词+ to do”句式中,可以用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

2. D。My uncle与work之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且work所表示的动作发生在felt之前,故用动词-ing形式的完成式。

3. B。I与explain之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。

4. B。the mother与talk之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故此处用动词-ing形式。When后省略了she was。

5. B。the man与wear之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且wear所表示的动作正在发生,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语。

6. D。expose与people之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,且由for some time可知,在此用过去分词作状语。expose sb. to ... 意为“使某人暴露于……之中”。

7. C。update与the web之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。

8. D。have difficulty doing sth.(做某事有困难)是固定表达。

9. D。praise与the little girl之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,且praise所表示的动作发生在felt和decided之前,故此处用Having been praised。

10. C。答语第一句是省略句,完整的句子应该是Failing the exam made him so depressed,故选Failing。

11. C。由“女演员控制饮食和成功减肥”可知,设空处表目的,即“为了演得更好”,故用不定式。

12. B。convince与the girl之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。Being convinced表示被动动作正在进行,与语境不符。

13. C。throw与himself之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用过去分词作himself的宾语补足语。

14. D。get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。

15. C。根据are standing可知,wait所表示的动作正在发生,且them与wait之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。leave sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”。

16. B。take measures to do sth. 意为“采取措施做某事”,故用不定式。

17. D。Peter与graduate之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且graduate所表示的动作发生在spent之前,故用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语。

18. C。“sb. is said +不定式”是固定句式,且由as a middle school student可知,write所表示的动作发生在is said之前,故用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。

19. B。warn与the girl之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,someone与accompany之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故选B项。

20. C。在with复合结构中,incomes与rise之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且rise表示正在进行的动作,故用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。

21. B。I与hope之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且hope所表示的动作与studied同时发生,故用动词-ing形式作状语。

22. C。“机器人的左腿真的动了”与prove之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故此处用proving。

23. B。The doctor与prepare之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,且prepare所表示的动作与changed和washed同时发生,故用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。

24. B。be to blame意为“应受责备”,其中blame用主动形式表被动意义。

25. C。need, want, require等后加表示被动意义的非谓语动词时,可以用动词-ing形式的主动式,也可以用to be done的形式。

26. D。only to do或only to be done表示出乎意料的结果,意为“结果却……”。tell与The mother之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用to be told。

27. D。feel, consider, think等动词后可接it作形式宾语,构成“feel / consider / ... + it +宾语补足语+不定式”结构,且invite与clerk之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用to be invited。

28. C。seem后接不定式,表示“似乎……”,结合语境可知,设空处表示当前的一种变化,故此处用to be getting。

29. B。whether to do结构表示“是否去做……”。

30. D。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”,mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”。结合She is crying和made her sad可知,“我”伤害了她,由此可推断,答话者说自己本没打算去伤害她,故用to hurt。

31. B。Time _____ 是独立主格结构,且Time与permit之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故此处用动词-ing形式。

32. C。catch sb. doing sth.抓住某人正在做某事,题干中用了被动语态。

33. B。hold与national sports meeting之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,且由next year可知,hold表示的动作还未发生,故用不定式的被动形式作后置定语。

34. A。sound是感官动词,常用主动形式表示被动意义,故此处用Sounding。

35. C。There ... days是独立主格结构,由these days和I'm可知,“我”现在有很多事要做,故此处用being。

36. B。在with复合结构中,time与go之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。to go表示该动作还未发生,不符合题意。

37. A。give与these teenagers之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,故此处用过去分词作状语。

介词和代词高考链接

参考答案

1-5 DDDCC 6-10 DCCAC

解析

1. D。题意:没有(without)数学知识,好好研究物理是不可能的。

2. D。由题意可知,该项目是争分夺秒赶时间才完成的。a race against time意为“和时间赛跑”,是习惯用法,符合语境。

3. D。praise sb. for sth. 意为“为某事而表扬某人”。

4. C。have an appointment with sb.意为“与某人有约”。

5. C。题意:在你参观一处名胜之前,你应该在你们当地的图书馆查找一本关于那里的书。look for意为“寻找”,故此处用介词for。

6. D。由“我们要么今年买一辆新车,要么去度假”可知,“我们”只能选择做一件事,不能两件都做,故设空处用both。

7. C。由Although可知,主从句为让步关系,故设空处应该用表示否定意义的代词。neither表示“两者都不”,但题中并未提及她对生活的热情只包括两方面,故用none。

8. C。those作代词时,可以替代前面出现过的某个可数名词的复数形式,相当于the ones。本句中those替代machines。

9. A。保护环境并不是只有recycling与reusing这两种方法,它们只是其中的两种,且因为another指不确定数目中的“另一个”,故选A项。

10. C。that作代词时,可替代前面提过的事物,以免重复。本句中that替代the traffic。

介词、代词、数词专练

参考答案

1-5 BCDCA 6-10 DAABD

11-15 DADCB 16-20 CABCC

21-25 DADBA 26-30 CABBA

31-35 BCCCA

解析

1. B。题意:根据通知我们的图书馆将要关门维修直到(until)下个月。

2. C。题意:这个人太累了,背靠着(against)一棵大树睡得很沉。

3. D。由again可知,应答者想让对方把计划详细地(in detail)再说一遍。

4. C。题意:“我”想感谢那些“我”在学校学习期间帮助过“我”的人,故选through(在整个……期间)。

5. A。in exchange for(交换)是固定表达。

6. D。do harm to ...(对……有害)是固定表达。

7. A。问话者想知道对方对这部**的看法,应答者认为它除了是部好看的片子外还耐人寻味。besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,符合语境。

8. A。由changeable可知,为防下雨,约翰总是带着雨伞。on表示“(身上)带着”。

9. B。题意:当我醒来,只记得被人用木棍袭击过。介词with在此表示“使用”。

10. D。in vain(徒劳)是固定搭配。

11. D。由Any day is OK可知,除了(except)周三都可以。

12. A。由various camp activities 可知,活动项目很多,而any表示“(三者或三者以上中的)任何一个”,故此处用any。

13. D。由答语可知,应答者同意对方的大部分建议,但不是全部,故用not everything表示部分否定。

14. C。one是a deep impression的同位语,表示泛指。空格后为省略了关系词that的定语从句。

15. B。由答语Very well可知,“我”俩有许多共同之处,故用much。have much in common意为“有许多共同之处”。

16. C。I'd appreciate it if ... 是固定句式,it在此作形式宾语。

17. A。由except for an old desk可知,这个可怜的人家里几乎没有什么家具,且furniture是不可数名词,故用much。

18. B。由I don't need them this week可知,答话者建议对方两本都拿走。故选both。

19. C。设空处内容与a famous public figure是鲜明的对比,故选nobody(无足轻重的人)。

20. C。由I don't mind可知,答话者认为咖啡加糖或是牛奶都行,故Either(指两者中的任何一个)符合题意。

21. D。问句是强调句,故第一空用that;第二空所在句子谈论时间,故用It作主语。

22. A。题意:每个人都有自己的优点和缺点,这使得他与其他所有人(everyone else)都不同。

23. D。It作形式主语,指代后面that引导的主语从句。

24. B。问话者想再吃一块蛋糕,且another表示“另一(人或事物)”,故选B项。

25. A。题干中对那里的天气和“我”家乡的天气作对比,设空处指代the weather, 故用that。

26. C。题干中将My child's first day of school与my first day of school 相比较,故用mine指代my first day of school。

27. A。根据It's my birthday present可知,钱包是“我”的生日礼物,因此“我”是免费(for nothing)得到的。

28. B。see to it that ...为固定句式,意为“确保……,务使……”。

29. B。one指代同类中的任意一个;it 指代同一物;the one表特指;any表示不确定指代,指一些。结合题意可知此处用one。

30. A。倍数表达方式之一:倍数+ the + n. + of ...。

31. B。百分数表达方式为:基数词+ percent。

32. C。hundred, thousand, million, dozen作名词的定语时,其前需加数词或不定数量词,此时它们用零复数形式(即意义上是复数,而形式上无复数标志)。

33. C。a good many, a large number of及many a均修饰可数名词,而equipment是不可数名词,故排除A、B、D三项。

34. C。分数表达方式:分子为基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于一时,分母要变为复数形式,故第一空用four fifths;当含分数的短语作句子主语时,谓语动词的数要根据分数后的名词决定,因为land为不可数名词,故第二空用is。

35. A。倍数表达方式之一:倍数+形容词/副词比较级+ than ...。

非谓语动词

英语非谓语动词解题原则

 导语:非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。下面是我整理的英语非谓语动词解题原则,欢迎参考!

 原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词

 例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.

 A. Having been told B. Having told

 C. He had been told D. Though he had been told

 例2._________ many times, he still couldn't understand it.

 A. Having been told B. Having told

 C. He had been told D. Though he had told

 解析:例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C。

 例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A。

 原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式

 例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

 A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

 解析:lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B。

 例4. __________, I really believe that I'd prefer not to make any change now.

 A. Considered all the possibilities

 B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration

 C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration

 D. Giving all the possibilities

 解析:把。。。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration,现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案为B。

 原则三、being done 表示?正在被?,一般不作状语,只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前

 例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

 A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed

 解析:根据句意?我们没有打通电话,就给他们发了个邮件?,没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前,所以用having done,答案为D。

 例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

 A. to have founded B. having founded

 C. founding D. to found

 解析:根据句意,Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情,而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式,所以应该用to have done,答案为A。

 原则四、非谓语动词作定语时,表示将来用-to do,表正在进行用-ing,表示已经完成用-ed

 例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

 A.produced B.being produced

 C.to be produced D.having been produced

 解析:根据本题中的时间状语next month,可知the play将要于下月被创作出来,表将来应该用to do,所以答案为C。

 例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

 A. being blown down B. blown down

 C. blowing down D. to blow down

 解析:根据句意?被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了?,树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作,表已经完成用-ed形式,所以答案为B。

 原则五、介词后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加逻辑主语

 例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.

 A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught

 C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught

 解析:本题led to中的to是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为D。

 例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.

 A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed

 C. being opened and closed D. to open and close

 解析:本题the noise of中的of是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,desks作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为C。

 原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语,-ed形式则不可以

 例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.

 A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch

 解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C。

 例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

 A. Examining B. Examined

 C. Being examined D. Having been examined

 解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C。

 原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语

 例13Michael's new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.

 A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared

 解析:?和。。。相比较?结构为be compared with,现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为D。

 例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

 A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

 解析:?面对?结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为C。

 原则八、非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构

 例15. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.

 A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten

 解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致,the postman应该是被咬,所以答案为B。

 例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

 A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked

 解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系,所以答案为B。

 例17. While watching television, __________.

 A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings

 C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

 解析:根据?非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致?的原则,watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致,所以句子主语应为?we?,答案为C。

 例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.

 A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished

 解析:本题没有连词,所以后面应用非谓语动词,the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是?被完成?,所以答案为B。

 原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种:目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语(表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式)。另外,某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因

 例19._____, you need to give all you have and try your best.

 A. Being a winner B. To be a winner

 C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner

 解析:根据句意?要想成为获胜者,你要付出所有,尽最大努力?,此处表目的`,所以答案为B。

 例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.

 A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

 解析:本句句意为?记者们匆匆赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了?,表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do,所以答案为B。

 例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.

 A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let

 解析:本题句意为?玻璃门替换了木头门,自然光就进来了?,自然光进来时顺其自然的结果,所以用doing, 答案为B。

 例22.How glad I am ___________ you!

 A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen

 解析: 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式,to see you 是原因状语,答案为B。

 原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not,有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式

 例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

 A. Not realized B. Not to realize

 C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized

 解析: 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing,答案为 C。

 例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.

 A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed

 C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed

 解析:本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语,所以答

 案为B。

 例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.

 A. don't go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go

 解析:本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D。

;

非谓语是什么?

高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致

★着重讲解混搭情况,均遵守以下原则:

1. 意义一致原则

主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

1.1 (together) with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

1.2 except/but: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.

Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

1.3 no less than: His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

1.4 rather than: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

1.5 perhaps : Peter, perhaps John, is playing with the little dog.

1.6 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

1.7 including/ besides/ as well as

2. 就近原则

2.1 主语由以下连词连接:谓语动词与后一个主语一致:

2.2.1(Either)…or…: Either you or I am going to the movies.

2.2.2 Neither…nor…

2.2.3 Whether…or…

2.2.4 Not only…but (also)

2.2.5 Not…but…

2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致

E.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.

2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中:谓语动词由动词后面的主语决定

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果

3. 整体原则

3.1 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词:

The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

(一个人)

The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

(两个人)

Bread and butter is their daily food.

3.2表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词常用单数形式:

E.g. Three years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is what he needs.

Five hundred miles is a long distance.

3.3复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式:

E.g. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.

3.4集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语,谓语动词用复数形式:

E.g. The police are searching for him.

The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

4. 谓单原则

4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

No teacher and no student is absent today.

Many a student is busy with their lessons.

4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. More than one person has made the suggestion.

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.

4.3 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Each takes a cup of tea.

Either is correct.

4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Nothing is to be done.

4.5 means, politics, physics, plastics作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.

5. 具体情况原则

5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定:

All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

不可数-> 谓单

All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

可数-> 谓复

Most of the wood was used to make furniture.

不可数-> 谓单

Most of the people are from England.

可数-> 谓复

5.2 the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式:

5.3 population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数:

5.4 the number of + 名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;

a (large / great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式:

5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, 等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式:

6. 先行词原则

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

本文将告诉大家非谓语动词常见的”三态“起源——动词不定态(to+V)、动词进行态(V+ing)、动词完成态(V+ed形式)是怎么来的。

我们知道世界上一切事物都是有生有灭,从酝酿出生、到出生存续、到死亡消逝,一切事物都遵守着这样的自然法则,甚至连语言中的”动词“也不能例外。动词是动作的代称,无论这个动作是可以真实感知的肢体动作,还是不可感知的思维动作,也无论这个动作存续多么短暂或者持续多么长久,其都遵循着出生、存续、死亡这样的过程。如下图所示:

上图从左到右依次为:

1.不定态(todo)表达了动作即将发生的状态;

2.进行态(doing)表达了动作的发生且可感知的延续;

3.完成态(done)表达了动作的结束。

从这里可以看出三大非谓语动词其实就是动作的三个阶段——出生、存续、结束,这就是非谓语动词的起源。

上图自上而下依次为:

1.瞬态隶属于一般态,表达动作的存续转瞬即逝,感觉不到动作的延续;

2.进行态相对于常态又称为非常态,表达动作存续介于瞬态和常态之间,可以感觉到动作的延续;

3.常态相对于进行态/非常态而言,动作呈现了一种常态特性,即长期不变的动作状态或者事实。

这里我们也可以看出动词和时间的关系,上图完整地给出了英语动词的长度体系——从无穷小过度到无穷大,时间的长短决定了动词的状态,也就决定了动词的时态。

上图中的梯形所提到的“不定态、进行态、完成态、一般态”是不含时间内涵的,把这4态分别结合4时、过去时间、现在时间、将来时间、过去将来时间,就得到了英语的16个基本时态,如下图所示:

转换为时态表格如下:

在上图的基础上把“进行态”和“完成态叠加”,又增加了另外的4个完成进行时态,如下图下表所示:

上表转换为下表:

这就是英语非谓语动词到英语谓语动词的进化过程。

有些同学可能会奇怪,“怎么会有不定时态?”

传统的语法是把“不定时态”归属于了“一般时态”,但是本质上这是完全不同的两个时态。

下面用几个公式来表达非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系:

1. 动词原形 + 状态 =非谓语动词

2. 非谓语动词 + 时间 =谓语动词

3. 谓语动词 = 时间助动词 + 状态主动词

4. 状态主动词 = 非谓语动词

以上讲解了非谓语动词的起源,以及非谓语动词到谓语动词的进化过程。

但是非谓语动除了可以做谓语动词的主动词外,非谓语动词还可以做除了谓语动词之外的其它成分,如“主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语、状语”等,在此不在详述。

以上图文表格整理自《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》图书及视频。

文章标签: # to # 动词 # the