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高考英语语法时态归纳总结_高考英语语法时态

tamoadmin 2024-05-23 人已围观

简介一. 一般现在时的基本用法 1. 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常和always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every week 等时间状语连用。 He is often late. He goes to work every day. Do you drive? He teaches English. 2. 表示普遍真理 由于是众所周知的客观

高考英语语法时态归纳总结_高考英语语法时态

一. 一般现在时的基本用法 1. 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常和always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every week 等时间状语连用。 He is often late. He goes to work every day. Do you drive? He teaches English. 2. 表示普遍真理 由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以一般不用时间状语。 The earth is roun. 3. 有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示。 I want your hel I don’t think you are right. Does ithurt? 疼吗? 4. 在时间。条件状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, We’ll go to the Summer Palace. When he gets to the village, he will write to me. 5. 表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定要发生的动作 主要用于come, go, start, begin, leave, return, stop 等瞬间动词,句中常有表示将来时间的状语。 Next week they leave for Shanghai. Our holidays begin in a week. 6. 其他 Here comes Li Ming! There goes the bell. Here he comes. 二. 一般过去时的基本用法 1. 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如:yesterday, two days ago……, last year……, the other day , once upon a time just now in the old days , before liberation, When I was 8 yeas old Did you have a party the other day? Lei Feng was a good soldier. 注意:当谈已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。 2. 表示过去连续发生的动作,要用过去时 这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died. 3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与always, never 等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 比较:Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. ,listen来表示now这一时间概念。 Look! A train is coming. Listen! He is playing the piano. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 常和at present ,this week,these days……等时间状语连用。 What lesson are you studying this week? 注意:如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。 Where are you going next week? 3. 现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或按排要进行的动作 即可以用来代替将来时,此时一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。 如:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,sleep…… Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow? How many of you are coming to the party next week? 4. be going to+动词原形: 这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。 She isn’t going to speak at the meeting. 5. 没有进行时的动词: 表示状态. 思想. 感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 表示感觉的感官动词 例如:see. hear. notice等动词。我们不能说: I’m hearing the sound.I hear the sound. Are you hearing the noise of a plane?Do you hear the noise of a plane? 但是,如果hear不表示“听见”的意思时,可用进行时。 They are hearing an English lecture. 他们在听一个英语讲座。 表示态度和感情. 心理状态. 继续等意思的动词 如:like . Love . Know . Want . Hope . Hate . Think . Agree . belive 等。 I’m liking dogs.I like dogs. . have 当“拥有”讲时 I’m having a lot of books.I have a lot of books. 但当have当“吃饭. 开会……玩的愉快……”等意思时,可用进行时。 We are having a good time. 6. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 一般现在时表示经常性的动作,而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。 He walks to work. He’s walking to work because his bike is being repaired. Where does he live? Where is he living ? 现在进行时有时可以代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种表情,句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always, forever连用。 You are always forgetting the important thing. Mary is doing fine work at school. 7. 过去进行时 过去进行时主要表示过去某一个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,常和表示过去时间的状语then, at this time, yesterday, at night, last night等连用。但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。 What were you doing at nine last night? I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon. 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时,用过去进行时表示较长的动作,过去进行时可用于主句,也可用于从句。注意:当两个延续动作同时并列时,二者都可用进行时表达。 It was raining hard when I left my office. When you called, I was eating. When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sweeping the floor. Some students were playing football while others were running round the track. We were walking along the river whenit rained. They were watching TV when the lights went out. 过去进行时表示将来的动作 现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。 She went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. She asked him whether he was coming back for lunch. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,而一般过去时则表示一个完整的动作, 也就是说用一般过去时,只表示有过这件事,用过去进行时,则强调了动作的连续性。 Li Ming washed the dishes. 李明洗过盘子了。 Li Ming was washing the dishes. 李明在洗盘子。 The children watched TV yesterday evening. 晚上孩子们看了电视。 The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 孩子们整晚都在看电视。 I was reading a novel this morning. 上午我在看小说。 I read a novel this morning. 上午我看了一本小说。 四. 一般将来时态 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening, next week / month / year等连用。 “助动词will + 动词原形”用在疑问句中,当主语是第一人称I或we时,常用助动词shall。 “be going to + 动词原形”表示即将发生某事或计算计划要做某事。 come, go, start, move, sail, leave, travel等动词常用进行时态表示计划将要发生的事。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来要发生的事。 will和be going to用法区别 1.表示“带意愿色彩的将来”常用will;在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will;表示客观将来,用will; I will be twenty-two years old next year. 我22岁。 2.be going to常用于口语中,主要用来表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态;打算或准备要做的事;根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生某事。

讲解和题目都有了,只是题目太长,经济年度高考题也有好几十条,粘不上来,要觉得好就给你邮箱

语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态

动词的时态

时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。

(一)一般现在时

1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other.

2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.

3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

(二)一般过去时

1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如: I used to do my homework in the library.

(三)一般将来时

1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:

I will/shall graduate next year.

2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如:

Crops will die without water.

You won’t succeed without their support.

3. 几种替代形式:

(1) be going to+动词原形结构的用法

这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如:

What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?

此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:

Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。

I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。

注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:

① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:

There’ll (=is going to) be a football match in our school next week.

下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。

② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如:

I will (=am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。

注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如:

They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。

—- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。

—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去(端)。

③ be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:

We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。

He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。

The house will break down. 那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。

④ 表示预测:be going to表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如:

It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。

I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。

⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:

Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?

⑥ be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:

If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now.

你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。

⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如:

If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国,你会喜欢那儿的食物的。

(2) be+动词不定式结构的用法

这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如:

You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。

We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。

The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。

(3) be about+动词不定式结构的用法

这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如:

I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。

(4) be+v.-ing结构的用法

这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:

Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?

Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。

(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法

这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词, 例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外,在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:

I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。

School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。

I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来,我就把书给他。

(四)现在进行时

1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。

He is writing a letter now.

2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等)。

He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)

The boy is always talking in class. (表示不满)

3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语)。

How many of you are coming to the party?

(五)现在完成时

1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:

I have just finished my homework.

Mary has been ill for three days.

2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中:

(1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句;

(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;

(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:

This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

(六)过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:

We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

(七)过去完成时

1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:

We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.

另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是:

(1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.

(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

③ by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.

(八) 一般过去将来时

1. 一般过去将来时的形式

should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式

2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如:

He said that he would speak at the meeting.

He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.

(九)现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.

注意:运用动词时态要注意的几个问题

1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如:

We’ll give him the book if he wants it.

He decided to fight back if he was hit again.

I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.

2. 时态的一致(时态的呼应),如

We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.

I didn’t know if she would come.

He admitted that he had been on the march.

*不进行时态调整的情况:

(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理,如:

Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.

(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如

Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?

3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如:

误:I have received her letter for three months.

正:I received her letter three months ago.

正:It is three months since I received her letter.

4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型

* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.

I was reading a book when the bell rang.

* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.

She was about to go out when it started to rain

* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如:

It’s the first time I’ve seen her.

We have been there three times.

* It is / has been… since…

It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

* hardly…when…

We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.

* no sooner…than…

No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.

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